油菜茎秆特性与抗倒性及产量的关联研究

摘要：倒伏是影响油菜（Brassica napus L.）高产、稳产、优质的限制因素之一。油菜茎秆生长发育状况严重影响其倒伏程度和油菜的最终产量。油菜倒伏程度与茎秆特性密切相关，不同油菜品种因栽培措施的差异引起群体结构差异，影响植株茎秆与生殖器官间碳水化合物的积累与运转及茎秆结构形态的建成，从而进一步影响茎秆机械强度等抗倒伏关键指标及最终的子粒产量。油菜苗期良好的群体生长状况是植株各器官间碳水化合物的积累与运转协调及后期子粒产量及较强茎秆抗倒性形成的基础。对油菜群体及个体茎秆发育状况对抗倒性及菜子产量的影响机理进行了研究，旨在为油菜抗倒伏及高产栽培技术的进一步研究提供参考。

关键词：油菜（Brassica napus L.）;茎秆发育;抗倒伏;高产

中图分类号：S565.4        文献标识码：A        文章编号：0439-8114（2014）20-4796-06

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2014.20.006

The Correlation between the Growth Characteristics of Rapeseed Stalk and Its Yield and the Lodging Resistance

SUN Ying-ying，LIU Ting-ting，YANG Hai-yan，ZUO Qing-song，ZHOU Guang-sheng，WU Jiang-sheng

（College of Plant Science and Technology， Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， China）

Abstract：Rapeseed lodging has become one factor limiting the high-yield， the stable production and the good quality of the rapeseed. The condition of stem growth strongly affects the final yield and the lodging degree of the rapeseed. The lodging degree of the rapeseed was closely correlated with the growth and development of the stem， because of different varieties of rapeseed or differences cultivation measures in population structure causing differences in population structure affecting the accumulation and operation of the carbohydrate between the plant stems， reproductive organs， and the completion of the stem structure and morphology， thus further affecting the stalk lodging key indicators including mechanical strength and final grain yield. Good conditions of population growth in the stage of crop seedling are the basis of carbohydrate accumulation and coordinated operation and post-stem grain yield and strong lodging resistance of plant organs， but few studies were focused on mechanism of the stage of crop seedling and individual characteristics influencing lodging resistance and rapeseed production. The mechanisms of the stage of crop seedling and individual characteristics influencing lodging resistance and rapeseed production were studied.

Key words：  rapeseed（Brassica napus L.）; stem growth; lodging resistance; high yield

近年来我国食用植物油自给率仅占40%左右，安全形势严峻[1]。菜子油是主要国产食用植物油之一，自给率约占40%～45%[1]。因此，提高油菜（Brassica napus L.）生产力是保障我国食用植物油安全供给的重要举措。在实际生产中，随着油菜单产的提高，油菜倒伏程度也随之加重，因此，倒伏已成为油菜单产及品质进一步提高的瓶颈。研究表明，我国油菜产量每年因倒伏造成的损失为15%～30%，严重年份达50%以上，且含油量降低10%～30%[2]。无论是人工或机械收获，油菜倒伏后均显著增加了收获难度，降低了油菜生产效益，从而影响到农户种植油菜的积极性[3]。因此，选育适宜密植且抗倒性好的高产油菜品种及研究推广配套的抗倒伏栽培技术对促进油菜机械化生产、提高种植效益及稳定种植面积具有重要意义[4]。

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